Samun ku Trinity Audio mai kunnawa shirye...

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

Hanyar ku zuwa ritaya

Bukatun Kasuwancin Kan layi

Fara kasuwancin kan layi ya ƙunshi matakai da buƙatu da yawa. Ga manyan abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari:

Bukatun Shari'a da Ka'idoji

Tsarin Kasuwanci: Yanke shawara akan tsarin doka na kasuwancin ku (misali, mallakin mallaka, haɗin gwiwa, LLC, kamfani).

Kasuwanci Sunan kasuwanci: Zaɓi ku yi rajistar sunan kasuwancin ku.

Lasisi da izini: Sami lasisin da ake buƙata da izini na musamman ga masana'antar ku da wurin ku.

Lambar Gano Haraji: Nemi Lambar Shaida ta Mai Aiki (EIN) daga IRS idan kuna cikin Amurka.

Amincewa da Dokoki: Tabbatar cewa kasuwancin ku ya bi ƙa'idodin takamaiman masana'antu da dokokin keɓanta bayanai (misali, GDPR, CCPA).

Bukatun Kuɗi

Asusun Bankin Kasuwanci: Bude asusun banki na kasuwanci daban don sarrafa kuɗi.

Lissafi da Adana kudi: Ƙirƙiri tsarin bin diddigin kuɗin shiga, kashe kuɗi, da haraji. Yi la'akari da amfani da software na lissafin kudi.

kudade: Ƙayyade yadda za ku ba da kuɗin kasuwancin ku (misali, tanadi na sirri, lamuni, masu saka hannun jari).

Yanar Gizo da Kasancewar Kan layi

domain Name: Zaɓi kuma yi rajistar sunan yanki.

Web Hosting: Zaɓi mai ba da sabis na yanar gizo.

Tsarin Yanar Gizo da Ci gaba: Ƙirƙiri ƙwararrun gidan yanar gizo. Yi la'akari da amfani da dandamali kamar WordPress, Shopify, ko haɓaka al'ada.

E-kasuwanci Platform: Idan ana siyar da samfura akan layi, zaɓi dandamalin kasuwancin e-commerce (misali, Shopify, WooCommerce).

SEO da Kasuwancin kan layi: Inganta gidan yanar gizon ku don injunan bincike da tsara dabarun tallan ku akan layi, gami da kafofin watsa labarun, tallan imel, da tallan abun ciki.

Kayayyaki da Ayyuka

Zaɓin samfur/Sabis: Yanke shawarar samfuran ko sabis ɗin da zaku bayar.

Masu samar da kayayyaki da kayayyaki: Gano masu kaya da sarrafa kaya.

Farashin Farashin: Ƙirƙirar dabarun farashi wanda ke rufe farashi kuma yayi daidai da tsammanin kasuwa.

Ayyuka

Umarni Cika: Kafa tsarin don sarrafa oda, jigilar kaya, da dawo da dawowa.

Abokin ciniki Service: Ƙirƙiri tsari don sabis na abokin ciniki da goyan baya, gami da kulawa da tambayoyi da gunaguni.

Fasaha da Kayan aiki

Tsarin Biyan kuɗi: Zaɓi hanyar biyan kuɗi (misali, PayPal, Stripe) don karɓar biyan kuɗi akan layi.

Tsaro: Aiwatar da matakan tsaro don kare bayanan abokin ciniki, kamar takaddun shaida na SSL da ɓoye bayanan.

Analytics: Yi amfani da kayan aikin nazari don bin diddigin zirga-zirgar gidan yanar gizo, tallace-tallace, da halayen abokin ciniki.

Talla da Talla

saka alama: Ƙirƙirar ingantaccen alamar alama, gami da tambari, launuka, da saƙo.

talla: Tsara da aiwatar da kamfen ɗin talla (misali, Google Ads, Facebook Ads).

Tashoshin tallace-tallace: Yi la'akari da tashoshi na tallace-tallace da yawa, kamar wuraren kasuwa (misali, Amazon, eBay), kafofin watsa labarun, da gidan yanar gizon ku.

Gudanar da Abokin Ciniki na Abokin Ciniki (CRM)

Tsarin CRM: Yi amfani da tsarin CRM don sarrafa hulɗar abokin ciniki da bayanai.

email Marketing: Gina jerin imel kuma yi amfani da tallan imel don yin hulɗa tare da abokan ciniki.

Ci gaba da ingantawa

Jawabi da Sharhi: Tattara ku bincika ra'ayoyin abokin ciniki da sake dubawa don inganta samfura da ayyuka.

Daidaitawa da Girma: Kasance cikin shiri don daidaita tsarin kasuwancin ku da dabaru dangane da yanayin kasuwa da bayanan aiki.

Waɗannan matakan suna ba da cikakken bayyani na mahimman buƙatun don farawa da gudanar da kasuwancin kan layi mai nasara.

hanyar yin ritaya

Ritayen Kasuwancin Kan layi

Yin ritaya daga kasuwancin kan layi ya ƙunshi la'akari da matakai da yawa don tabbatar da sauyi mai sauƙi da tsaro na kuɗi. Anan ga cikakken jagora kan ritayar kasuwanci ta kan layi:

Shirye-shiryen kuɗi

Tattalin Ritaya: Tabbatar cewa kuna da isasshen ajiyar kuɗi na ritaya a cikin asusun kamar IRAs, 401 (k) s, ko wasu shirye-shiryen ritaya.

diversification: Rarraba hannun jarin ku don rage haɗari da haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na kuɗin shiga na ritaya.

Rafukan shiga: Tsara don rafukan samun kuɗi da yawa, gami da Tsaron Jama'a, fansho, saka hannun jari, da yuwuwar samun shiga daga siyar da kasuwancin ku.

Kimar Kasuwanci da Siyarwa

Darajar kasuwanci: Sami ƙwararrun ƙima na kasuwancin ku na kan layi don tantance ƙimar sa.

fita Strategy: Ƙirƙirar dabarun ficewa, ko ya haɗa da siyar da kasuwancin, ba da shi ga ɗan uwa, ko haɗawa da wani kamfani.

Masu Yiwa Masu Siyayya: Gano masu yuwuwar siyayya, waɗanda zasu iya haɗawa da masu fafatawa, masu saka hannun jari, ko ma'aikata.

La'akari na Shari'a da Haraji

Tsarin doka: Bincika tsarin shari'a na kasuwancin ku kuma ku yi kowane gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci don siyarwa ko canja wuri.

Tasirin Haraji: Fahimtar abubuwan haraji na siyar da kasuwancin ku, gami da harajin ribar babban jari da yuwuwar cirewa.

Shirye-shiryen Gida: Haɗa kasuwancin ku a cikin shirin ku don tabbatar da musayar kadarori cikin sauƙi.

Tsarin Tsarin mulki

Tsarin Nasara: Idan mika kasuwancin ga dangi ko ma'aikaci, ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin maye.

Horo da mikawa: Bayar da horo da goyan baya ga sabon mai shi ko magaji don tabbatar da sauyi marar lahani.

Sadarwar Abokin Ciniki: Sanar da abokan cinikin ku da abokan cinikin ku game da canjin mallaka don kiyaye amana da aminci.

Abubuwan Tunawa da Kai

Daidaita Salon Rayuwa: Shirya yadda za ku kashe lokacinku a cikin ritaya kuma ku daidaita zuwa sabon salon rayuwa.

Healthcare: Tabbatar cewa kuna da isasshen ɗaukar hoto, gami da Medicare ko inshora na sirri.

Financial Management: Yi la'akari da yin aiki tare da mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kuɗi don sarrafa kuɗin ku na ritaya da kuma tabbatar da tsaro na kudi na dogon lokaci.

Shiga Bayan Yin Ritaya

Consulting: Yi la'akari da ba da sabis na tuntuɓar don haɓaka ƙwarewar ku da samar da ƙarin kudin shiga.

jagoranci: Bayar da jagoranci ga sabbin 'yan kasuwa ko masu kasuwanci a cikin masana'antar ku.

Membobin Hukumar: Kasance tare da kwamitin gudanarwa don wasu kamfanoni don ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ba da gudummawar ilimin ku.

Legacy na Dijital

Hanyoyin Dijital: Tsara don gudanarwa da canja wurin kadarorin dijital, gami da sunayen yanki, asusun kafofin watsa labarun, da asusun kan layi.

ilimi Property: Tabbatar da cewa ana sarrafa kayan fasaha, kamar alamun kasuwanci, haƙƙin mallaka, da haƙƙin mallaka, da canjawa ko sarrafa su yadda ya kamata.

Kasancewar Kan Layi: Yanke shawarar abin da zai faru da kasancewar ku ta kan layi, gami da gidajen yanar gizo, shafukan yanar gizo, da bayanan bayanan kafofin watsa labarun.

Bita na Ci gaba

Duba-shiga na yau da kullun: Yi bitar shirin ku na ritaya akai-akai kuma ku yi gyare-gyare kamar yadda ake buƙata bisa ga canje-canje a yanayin kuɗin ku, lafiya, da burin ku.

Tsaya Bayani: Ci gaba da sabuntawa tare da canje-canje a cikin dokokin haraji, damar saka hannun jari, da dabarun tsare-tsare na ritaya.

Ta hanyar magance waɗannan mahimman fannoni, za ku iya tsara yadda ya kamata da sarrafa ritayar ku daga kasuwancin kan layi, tabbatar da tsaro na kuɗi da sassaucin sauƙi.

aiki don yin ritaya

Hanyar ku zuwa Ritaya ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin mu

Fara tafiya don yin ritaya ta hanyar kasuwancin kan layi a yau! tare da tabbatar da tsarin, za ku iya cimma 'yanci na kudi in 3-5 shekaru. Our ƙungiyar abokantaka yana nan don ya jagorance ku kowane mataki na hanya.

Me yasa Kasuwancin Kan layi?

Kasuwancin kan layi ya zama hanya mai sauƙi kuma sanannen hanya don cimmawa 'yancin kai na kudi da kuma ritaya da wuri. Yin amfani da intanet don ƙirƙira da haɓaka kasuwanci na iya samar da sassauci, scalability, Da kuma damar samun kudin shiga ana buƙatar yin ritaya cikin kwanciyar hankali. Gina kasuwancin kan layi mai nasara na iya haifar da rafukan samun kuɗi mai ɗorewa waɗanda ke tallafawa burin ku na ritaya.

Dandali da Sabis

Kamfanoni suna ba da dandamali da ayyuka waɗanda za su iya sauƙaƙe hanyar yin ritaya ta hanyar kasuwancin kan layi. Waɗannan dandamali suna ba da kayan aiki daban-daban da albarkatu don taimaka muku haɓakawa, sarrafa, da haɓaka kasuwancin ku na kan layi. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa dandamalin kasuwancin kan layi galibi basa bayar da tsare-tsaren fansho na gargajiya. Madadin haka, suna aiki azaman masu ba da sabis don masu kasuwanci masu zaman kansu. Za a iya amfani da kuɗin shiga da aka samu ta waɗannan dandamali don ba da kuɗin ritayar ku, amma ƴan kasuwa suna buƙatar gudanar da shirin yin ritaya da kansu. Dandalin kasuwancin kan layi, irin su Etsy, Shopify, da Upwork, suna aiki da farko azaman masu ba da sabis waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe ayyukan kasuwanci don ƴan kasuwa masu zaman kansu maimakon ma'aikata na gargajiya. Wannan bambance-bambancen yana tasiri nau'in fa'idodin da suka haɗa da tsare-tsaren ritaya da waɗannan dandamali ke bayarwa. Ga cikakken bayani tare da misalai:

Yanayin Dandalin Kasuwancin Kan layi

Masu Bayar da Sabis, Ba Masu Aiki ba

definition: Waɗannan dandamali suna ba da kayan aiki, ayyuka, da kasuwanni don mutane don gudanar da kasuwancinsu amma ba sa ɗaukar waɗannan mutane aiki.

Example: Etsy yana ba da kasuwa ga masu sana'a don siyar da kayan aikin hannu, amma waɗannan masu siyar ƴan kasuwa ne masu zaman kansu, ba ma'aikatan Etsy ba.

'Yan kwangila masu zaman kansu:

definition: Masu amfani da waɗannan dandamali galibi ana ɗaukarsu 'yan kwangila masu zaman kansu ko masu kasuwanci waɗanda ke gudanar da kasuwancinsu.

Example: Masu zaman kansu akan Upwork suna amfani da dandamali don nemo da sarrafa abokan ciniki, amma sun kasance masu zaman kansu kuma suna da alhakin fa'idodin su, gami da shirye-shiryen ritaya.

Shirye-shiryen Biyan Kuɗi na Gargajiya da Ritaya

Dangantakar Ma'aikata da Ma'aikata:

definition: Ma'aikata yawanci suna ba da diyya na gargajiya da tsare-tsaren ritaya ga ma'aikatansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na kunshin aiki.

Example: Kamfani kamar Google yana ba wa ma'aikatansa fa'idodi kamar tsare-tsaren 401 (k), inshorar lafiya, da hutun biya saboda suna da alaƙar ma'aikata da ma'aikata.

Rashin Aiki Kai tsaye:

definition: Tun da dandamalin kasuwancin kan layi ba sa ɗaukar masu amfani da su kai tsaye, ba sa samar da fa'idodin aikin yi na gargajiya.

Example: Shopify yana ba da ababen more rayuwa ga masu kasuwanci don ƙirƙirar shagunan kan layi, amma baya ɗaukar masu kantin kuma don haka baya ba su fa'idodin ritaya.

Mayar da hankali kan Samar da Kayan aiki da Ayyuka

Kayayyakin Yanar Gizo na kasuwanci:

Example: Shopify yana ba da kayan aikin kamar tallan gidan yanar gizo, sarrafa biyan kuɗi, da sarrafa kaya ga masu shagunan kan layi, amma suna barin alhakin sarrafa kuɗin kasuwanci da tsare-tsaren yin ritaya ga masu kantin da kansu.

Wuraren Kasuwa mai zaman kansa:

Example: Upwork yana ba da dandamali don masu zaman kansu don haɗawa tare da abokan ciniki, gudanar da aikin gudanarwa, da biyan kuɗi, amma masu zaman kansu dole ne su sarrafa shirin su na ritaya da tanadi.

Tasiri ga Masu Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu

Fa'idodin Gudanar da Kai:

Example: Dole ne mai siyar da Etsy ya kafa asusun ajiyar su na ritaya, kamar SEP IRA ko solo 401 (k) tunda Etsy baya bayar da waɗannan fa'idodin.

Sassauci da Nauyi:

Example: Masu zaman kansu a kan Fiverr na iya zaɓar yadda za su gudanar da kuɗin shiga da ajiyar kuɗin ritaya, amma wannan kuma yana nufin suna ɗaukar cikakken alhakin tsarawa da ba da kuɗin ritaya.

Summary

Shafukan kasuwanci na kan layi suna ba da ababen more rayuwa, kayan aiki, da ayyuka da ake buƙata don daidaikun mutane don gudanar da kasuwancinsu, maimakon ɗaukar waɗannan mutane aiki kai tsaye. A sakamakon haka, ba sa bayar da diyya na gargajiya da tsare-tsaren ritaya. Madadin haka, masu amfani da waɗannan dandamali dole ne su sarrafa nasu fa'idodin da tanadin ritaya. Wannan samfurin yana goyan bayan sassauci da 'yancin kai amma yana buƙatar masu kasuwanci ɗaya ɗaya su ɗauki cikakken alhakin tsara kuɗi da tsaro na ritaya.

Tsarinmu: Samun 'Yancin Kuɗi a cikin Shekaru 3-5

A cikin dandalinmu, bayan shekaru 3-5, kuna iya samun kwanciyar hankali na kowane wata na kusan $ 5000 zuwa $ 6000.. Muna kiran wannan a matsayin shirin mu, wanda muke kira da shirin ritaya. Ana iya samun wannan kudin shiga tare da ko ba tare da ƙarin fadada kasuwanci ba, yana ba ku 'yancin zaɓar nawa kuke son ci gaba da aiki. Kada ku jira kuma - fara gina kasuwancin ku na kan layi yanzu kuma ku share hanya don amintaccen ritaya mai daɗi.

Hanyar Yin Ritaya: Matakan Nasara

Mataki 1: Gano Niche ɗinku

Zaɓin alkuki mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don nasarar ku a cikin kasuwancin kan layi. Ga yadda za a yi:

So da Basira: Zaɓi alkuki wanda ya dace da abubuwan da kuke so da ƙwarewar ku.

Bukatar Kasuwa: Tabbatar da isassun buƙatun samfuran ko sabis.

Binciken Gasar: Tantance matakin gasar da gano gibin da ke cikin kasuwa.

Mataki 2: Bitar Tsarin Kasuwanci

Tsayayyen tsarin kasuwanci shine taswirar ku don samun nasara. Ya kamata ya haɗa da:

darajar shawara: Ƙayyade abin da ke sa kasuwancin ku na musamman.

Sakamakon masu saurare: Gano abokan cinikin ku masu kyau.

Model na Haraji: Ƙaddara yadda za ku sami kuɗi (misali, tallace-tallace, biyan kuɗi, tallace-tallace).

Dabarar Ciniki: Bayyana yadda zaku jawowa da riƙe abokan ciniki.

Hasashen Kuɗi: Yi ƙididdige farashi, kuɗin aiki, da yuwuwar kudaden shiga.

Mataki na 3: Haɓaka kasancewar ku akan layi

Kasancewar ku akan layi shine gaban kantin sayar da ku. Ga yadda ake inganta shi:

domain: Zaɓi sunan yanki da ingantaccen sabis ɗin talla

Shafin Yanar Gizo: Yi amfani da dandamali kamar WordPress, Shopify, ko Wix don ƙwararrun kamanni

SEO Optimization: Haɓaka don injunan bincike don ƙara gani

Ko kuma kawai:

domain: Zaɓi sunan yanki

Zaɓi mazurarin ku: Yi amfani da dandamalinmu don zaɓar kamannin ƙwararru

Halitta Harshe:

rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo: Buga abun ciki akai-akai don jawo hankalin masu sauraron ku.

Ko kuma kawai:

Social Media: Yi amfani da dandamali kamar Instagram, Facebook, da LinkedIn don gina alamar ku.

Bi horo: Koyi Yadda ake yiwa masu sauraron ku hari da yadda ake Bari Mutane su same ku

Mataki 4: Tsare-tsaren Kudi da Zuba Jari

Sarrafa abubuwan da kuka samu cikin hikima don tabbatar da amintaccen ritaya:

Kasafin kudi: Bibiyar kuɗin shiga da kashe kuɗi don sarrafa kuɗin kuɗi.

Ajiye: Ware wani yanki na samun kuɗi zuwa tanadi ko kuɗin gaggawa

Investing: Ƙimar dukiyar ku ta hanyar ƙarin saka hannun jari a cikin kasuwancin ku na kan layi

Asusun ritaya:

IRA/401(k): Yi amfani da asusun ritaya don fa'idodin haraji da haɓaka haɓaka.

Mataki na 5: Canjawa zuwa Ritaya

Shirya canjin ku don tabbatar da sauyi mai sauƙi daga aiki mai aiki zuwa ritaya:

Hanyar Hanya: Sannu a hankali rage shiga cikin kasuwanci.

Kudin Shiga: Mayar da hankali kan samar da rafukan samun kudin shiga.

Tsarin Nasara: Shirya don canja wurin mallaka ko alhakin gudanarwa.

La'akarin salon rayuwa:

Aiki-Life Balance: Tabbatar cewa kasuwancin ku yana ba ku damar jin daɗin ritayar ku.

Tafiya da Hutu: Tsara don ayyuka da salon rayuwar da kuke so bayan yin ritaya.

Taimakawa Hanyar Ku zuwa Ritaya

Dandalin mu yana ba da tsari mai tsari da tallafi don taimaka muku cimma burin ku na ritaya. Mun bayar:

Karatun Ilimi: Koyi illolin da ke tattare da kasuwancin kan layi.

Tallafi mai gudana: Ƙungiyarmu tana nan don taimaka muku a kowane mataki.

Samun Al'umma: Haɗu da jama'ar ƴan kasuwa masu ra'ayi iri ɗaya don haɗin kai da tallafi.

Gina kasuwancin kan layi na iya zama hanya mai lada don samun 'yancin kai na kuɗi da kuma yin ritaya da wuri. Ta hanyar zabar wani alkuki a hankali, yin nazarin ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci, haɓaka haɓaka mai ƙarfi ta kan layi, haɓaka rafukan samun kuɗi, da kuma tsara shirye-shiryen gaba, zaku iya cimma burin ku na ritaya ta hanyar kasuwancin kan layi. Fara naku hanyar yin ritaya a yau kuma ƙirƙirar amintacciyar makoma mai daɗi tare da ingantaccen tsarin mu. Kar a jira-fara tafiya yanzu!

FAQ

Starting an online business involves several key aspects:

  • Legal and Regulatory: Choosing a business structure, registering your business name, obtaining necessary licenses and permits, getting a Tax Identification Number, and ensuring compliance with industry regulations and data privacy laws.
  • Financial: Opening a separate business bank account, setting up accounting and bookkeeping systems, and determining funding sources.
  • Yanar Gizo da Kasancewar Kan layi: Registering a domain name, selecting a web hosting provider, designing and developing a professional website, and planning an online marketing strategy that includes SEO, social media, email marketing, and content marketing.
  • Samfurai da Ayyuka: Deciding what to offer, identifying suppliers, managing inventory, and developing a pricing strategy.
  • Ayyuka: Setting up order fulfillment and customer service systems.
  • Fasaha da Kayan aiki: Choosing a payment gateway, implementing security measures, and using analytics tools.
  • Talla da Talla: Developing a strong brand identity, planning advertising campaigns, and considering multiple sales channels.
  • Gudanarwar Dangantakar Abokin Ciniki (CRM): Using a CRM system and building an email list for customer interaction.
  • Cigaban cigaba: Collecting and analyzing customer feedback and adapting your business model to market trends.

The platform provides:

  • Cikakken Horarwa: Learn the essentials of online entrepreneurship.
  • Tallafi mai gudana: Receive assistance from their team at every stage of your journey.
  • Community Access: Connect with other entrepreneurs for networking and support.

When planning for retirement, consider:

  • Ma'aunin Rayuwar Aiki: Design your business to allow for leisure time.
  • Travel and Leisure: Plan for activities you want to pursue in retirement.
  • Lafiya: Ensure you have adequate healthcare coverage.
  • Gudanar da Kudi: Work with a financial advisor if needed to manage your retirement funds.

Don’t wait to start building your online business. Begin by:

  • Identifying your passions and skills.
  • Researching potential niches.
  • Learning more about the resources and support offered by this platform.

Online entrepreneurship can provide:

  • 'Yancin Kuɗi: Building a successful online business can generate sustainable income streams to support your retirement goals.
  • Fassara: Owning an online business allows you to set your own hours and work from anywhere, making it easier to transition into retirement.
  • Scalability: You can grow your online business over time to increase your income potential and build a valuable asset that can be sold or passed on.

Platforms like Etsy, Shopify, and Upwork primarily act as service providers, not employers. They offer tools and resources for running a business, but they do not offer traditional retirement plans like 401(k)s. Entrepreneurs using these platforms are responsible for their own retirement planning and savings.

  • The “retirement plan” referred to in this system is the potential to achieve a stable monthly income of $5,000 to $6,000 within 3-5 years of starting your online business. This is not a traditional retirement plan provided by an employer but rather a projection of potential earnings based on their proven system. business concept for success.
  • Haɓaka yuwuwar samun ku ta hanyar tallace-tallace ta atomatik da damar ba da lasisi.

The key steps outlined in this system include:

  1. Gane Niche naku: Choose a niche based on your passions, skills, market demand, and competition analysis.
  2. Review the Business Plan: Create a solid plan that outlines your value proposition, target audience, revenue model, marketing strategy, and financial projections.
  3. Develop Your Online Presence: Build a professional website, optimize for search engines, engage in content creation through blogging and social media.
  4. Shirye-shiryen Kuɗi da Zuba Jari: Manage your income wisely by budgeting, saving, investing in your business, and utilizing retirement accounts like IRAs or 401(k)s.
  5. Transitioning to Retirement: Gradually reduce your involvement in the business, focus on generating passive income streams, and consider succession planning.

Ɗauki Mataki na Farko

Samun ku kasuwancin kansa yana buƙatar haɗin gwaninta, albarkatu, da halaye, gami da:


Yana faruwa yanzu:

Comments an rufe.